Tax planning for investments gets more complicated
This article organizes the original guidance on tax planning for investments gets more complicated into clear sections for easier reading and reference.
Overview
This opening section presents the main context from the original post.
For investors, fall is a good time to review year-to-date gains and losses. Not only can it help you assess your financial health, but it also can help you determine whether to buy or sell investments before year end to save taxes.
This year, you also need to keep in mind the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). While the TCJA didn’t change long-term capital gains rates, it did change the tax brackets for long-term capital gains and qualified dividends.
For 2018 through 2025, these brackets are no longer linked to the ordinary-income tax brackets for individuals. So, for example, you could be subject to the top long-term capital gains rate even if you aren’t subject to the top ordinary-income tax rate.
Old rules
This section keeps the original guidance focused on old rules.
For the last several years, individual taxpayers faced three federal income tax rates on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends: 0%, 15%, and 20%. The rate brackets were tied to the ordinary-income rate brackets.
Specifically, if the long-term capital gains and/or dividends fell within the 10% or 15% ordinary-income brackets, no federal income tax was owed. If they fell within the 25%, 28%, 33%, or 35% ordinary-income brackets, they were taxed at 15%.
And, if they fell within the maximum 39.6% ordinary-income bracket, they were taxed at the maximum 20% rate.
In addition, higher-income individuals with long-term capital gains and dividends were also hit with the 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT). It kicked in when modified adjusted gross income exceeded $200,000 for singles and heads of households and $250,000 for married couples filing jointly.
So, many people actually paid 18.8% (15% + 3.8%) or 23.8% (20% + 3.8%) on their long-term capital gains and qualified dividends.
New rules
This section keeps the original guidance focused on new rules.
The TCJA retains the 0%, 15%, and 20% rates on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends for individual taxpayers. However, for 2018 through 2025, these rates have their own brackets. Here are the 2018 brackets:
- Singles: 0%: $0 – $38,600 15%: $38,601 – $425,800 20%: $425,801 and up
- Heads of households: 0%: $0 – $51,700 15%: $51,701 – $452,400 20%: $452,401 and up
- Married couples filing jointly: 0%: $0 – $77,200 15%: $77,201 – $479,000 20%: $479,001 and up
For 2018, the top ordinary-income rate of 37%, which also applies to short-term capital gains and nonqualified dividends, does not go into effect until income exceeds $500,000 for singles and heads of households or $600,000 for joint filers. (Both the long-term capital gains brackets and the ordinary-income brackets will be indexed for inflation for 2019 through 2025.) The new tax law also retains the 3.8% NIIT and its $200,000 and $250,000 thresholds.
More thresholds, more complexity
This section keeps the original guidance focused on more thresholds, more complexity.
With more tax rate thresholds to keep in mind, year-end tax planning for investments is especially complicated in 2018. If you have questions, please contact us.
Related Resources
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FAQ
The questions below summarize the main points already covered in the article.
What is the main focus of Tax planning for investments gets more complicated?
The article focuses on tax planning for investments gets more complicated and organizes the original guidance into sections for easier review.
What topics does the article cover first?
The article begins with old rules and then continues through the remaining points in the original post.
Which additional areas are included?
Additional sections include new rules, more thresholds, more complexity.
Does the post include action items or reminders?
Yes. The original post includes listed items that have been kept in list format for easier scanning.
Was the original post wording changed?
The revision keeps the author wording and updates the structure so the post is easier to read online.